The Orinoquia · 9 departments
35.1 million hectares — one quarter of the national territory. Four core departments (Meta, Casanare, Vichada, Arauca) plus operational connections with Guainía, Guaviare, Vaupés, Caquetá and Putumayo.
Explore the map/ Subregions of the territory
/ Altillanura
Core of the modern agricultural frontier; 4 to 7 million hectares with intensive agro-industrial vocation. Acidic soils, correctable through Cerrado-style schemes (liming, phosphorus and potassium fertilization).
/ Sabana
Casanare, Arauca, southern Meta: livestock, silvopastoral, oil palm and rice vocation. Fragile biome where economic activity must respect water dynamics.
/ Land use
9.4 M ha — 15.9 % strictly livestock, remainder agricultural, forest and mixed
Parks, reserves, Indigenous lands, flooded savanna, moriche palm wetlands
Mainly Vichada–Guainía–Guaviare · zero-deforestation imperative
/ Productive axes
Master Plan engines: agriculture, livestock, mining, energy, forestry, aquaculture and tourism.
7 priority crops — soybean, maize, dry rice, oil palm, sugar cane, rubber and commercial forestry. Goal: from 755,000 ha to 4 million ha. IRRs between 13 % and 22 %.
5.7 M cattle — 20 % of the national herd. Shift from extensive grazing (36 kg/ha/year) to intensive silvopastoral systems (200–300 kg/ha/year). IRR 14–17 %.
61 Type III areas identified by the Colombian Geological Service. Priority chains: dolomitic lime, phosphate rock, coltan (niobium-tantalum), potash and magnesium salts.
8 GW installed by 2050 — solar 53 % + wind 30 % + green hydrogen 10 % + bioenergy 5 % + geothermal 3 %. Irradiation 6.0 kWh/m²/day (33 % above national average).
3 million ha potential in short-rotation plantations (Caribbean pine, acacia mangium, eucalyptus). Chain: lumber, panels, pulp, pellets, carbon bonds.
Orinoco basin — Meta, Vichada, Tomo, Bita, Tuparro rivers. Tilapia, cachama, bocachico, plagioscion targeting domestic, Venezuelan and Caribbean markets.
Inírida Fluvial Star (Ramsar wetland), Llanos del Casanare, Vichada bio-tourism. High-value, low-volume model — USD 600 M/year by 2050.
/ Enabling infrastructure
Combined result: 35–40 % reduction in logistics cost per ton-kilometer and multimodal access to the Atlantic via the Orinoco, to the Pacific via Buenaventura and to the Amazon interoceanic system.
/ Road
/ Waterway
/ Rail
/ Air
/ Urban system 2050
The Master Plan rejects the single-capital model (which has caused tensions in Yopal and underdevelopment in Puerto Carreño) and adopts a polycentric model of six differentiated urban poles.
| Urban pole | Functional role | 2025 | 2050 | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Villavicencio | Metropolitan capital · services | 580k | 1050k | +81 % |
| Yopal | Energy and oil & gas services | 196k | 380k | +94 % |
| Puerto Gaitán | CDAC headquarters · agro-industrial capital | 25k | 250k | +900 % |
| Puerto Carreño | Fluvial hub to the Atlantic | 24k | 220k | +817 % |
| Arauca | Oil frontier · binational trade | 95k | 200k | +111 % |
| Nuevo Orocué | Sustainable pilot city | — | 180k | New |
/ International references
What the Cerrado teaches us: in 25 years Brazil turned a tropical savanna once considered "unproductive" into the global breadbasket of soybean, maize, cotton and animal protein. The difference was not geography, it was institutionality.
Embrapa: 7,200 researchers in 43 units · 30+ adapted soybean varieties in 15 years · 80 % productivity gain from lime+P+K amendment · USD 100 B mobilized through Banco do Brasil-BNDES.
Sustained productive modernization over decades. Lessons on contemporary socio-environmental challenges and exchange-rate hedging mechanisms.
Model of university extension and academic-producer cooperation. Academic agreement formalized for 2026 via the LCSA Chair.
Applied research on arid soils, water management and climate-adaptive agriculture. Academic agreement formalized for 2026.
Three additional academic agreements for tropicalized varieties, agricultural engineering and territorial planning.
